新疆地区林果多种植于戈壁、沙漠等特殊生境,土壤有机质含量少。常规地表滴灌条件下水分下渗和肥料淋失严重,水分蒸发较快,水肥利用率低,探索适合新疆林果的新型灌溉施肥策略迫在眉睫。
近日,bwin必赢于坤副教授在“果树穴贮砖+滴灌”提高葡萄氮素和水分利用率方面取得新进展,探讨出了果树穴贮砖耦合滴施氮肥的新型水肥一体化策略。相关研究以“Application fruit tree hole storage brick fertilizer is beneficial to increase the nitrogen utilization of grape under subsurface drip irrigation”、“Impact of fruit tree hole storage brick treatment on the growth of grape seedlings and water transport in the root zone under root restriction and subsurface drip irrigation”为题发表在国际农林TOP期刊Frontiers in plant science(JCR一区TOP期刊,IF=5.6)和Scientia Horticulturae(JCR一区TOP期刊,IF=4.3)。
该研究采用15N同位素示踪技术探究纳米果树穴贮砖对葡萄幼苗生长和15N对植株吸收和分配的影响,揭示了纳米果树穴贮砖对葡萄氮素及水分利用的潜在影响和调节作用,并筛选出纳米材料与有机肥料的最佳组合。结果表明,纳米果树穴贮砖处理显著提高了全干物质质量和根冠比,较好地维持了15-30 cm土层的土壤含水量,增强了根系在不同土层深度的分布,提高了叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和瞬时水分利用率。纳米果树穴贮砖处理显著提高了葡萄各器官生物量、根、茎、叶中氮素利用率和15N含量,当土壤深度为15-30 cm时,施用纳米果树穴贮砖显著提高了土壤15N含量。但当土壤深度为30-45 cm时,土壤15N含量明显降低。此外,纳米果树穴贮砖处理还显著提高了葡萄叶片中亚硝酸盐还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性,以及30 cm土壤中脲酶(UR)活性。这些发现有利于通过施加纳米果树穴贮砖来减少水肥投入,而提高产量,实现降低投入,增加收入的目标。
Figure 1. Experiments’ design of this study. Pattern diagram of cultivation mode the three treatments(A). picture of placement fruit tree hole storage brick in box(B) .
Figure 2. Different FTHSB nitrogen content before and after urea drip application. (A, B) Scanning electron micrographs exhibit different porosity for these two types of bricks with pore sizes, Red frame on pictures show the different pore sizes in FTHSB A and FTHSB B. (C) nitrogen content in FTHSB B after dripping urea.(D) nitrogen content in FTHSB B before dripping urea. (E) nitrogen content in FTHSB A after dripping urea. (F) nitrogen content in FTHSB A before dripping urea.
Figure 3. Application of FTHSB to grape seedling growth and nitrogen use efficiency strategy diagram.
新疆生产建设兵团特色果蔬栽培生理与种质资源利用重点实验室于坤副教授为通讯作者,bwin必赢博士研究生姚东东和李旭娇分别为第一作者。该研究得到了国家自然科学基金项目、八师石河子市中青年领军人才计划项目、兵团“强青”科技创新骨干人才、自治区“天山英才”等项目的资助。
( 通讯员:王赠霖 )